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A Research Analysis on Phytochemical and the Activities of Antibacterial in Piper betel varieties (Kaara Vetrilai and Vellai Vetrilai)
(International Journal on Recent Advancement in Biotechnology & Nanotechnology, 2019) Ramasamy, Sakthivel
Piper betel is a well-known ethno-botanical medicinal plant whose leaf is known to possess antiseptic, antileslmian and antimicrobial properties. Considering these properties a preliminary study on the phytochemical present in Piper betel was carried to find the presence of any new antibacterial compounds .Two varieties (Kaaravetrilai and Vellaivetrilai) of Piper betel leaves were collected from the various local markets. Fresh and dry leaf sample were used for phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity. Based on the qualitative analysis of Piper betel it was found to contain Tannins, Flavanoids, Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Saponins, Cardiac Glycosides and Glycosides .The extract was obtained from dried leaves using ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform and also aqueous extract was obtained using these crude extract an attempt was made to find out their antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity studies showed the prominent zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Further, the isolation and identification of the extract using GC-MASS, HPTLC, NMR etc., will be carried out in future.
A Study on Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Piper betel varieties (Kamar and Kumbakonam Vetrilai)
(International Journal on Recent Advancement in Biotechnology & Nanotechnology, 2019) Ramasamy, Sakthivel
Piper betel is a well-known ethno-botanical medicinal plant whose leaf is known to possess antiseptic, antileshmian and antimicrobial properties. Considering these properties a preliminary study on the phytochemicals presentin Piper betel was carried to find the presence of any new antibacterial compounds. Two varieties (Kamar and Kumbakonamvetrilai) of Piper betel leaves were collected from various local markets. Fresh and dry leaf samples were used for phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity. Based on the qualitative analysis of Piper betel it was found to contain Tannins, Flavanoids, Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Saponins, Cardiac Glycosides and Glycosides. The extract was obtained from dried leaves using ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform and also aqueous extract was obtained. Using these crude extracts an attempt was made to find out their antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity studies showed the prominent zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli.Further, the isolation and identification of the extract using GC-MASS, HPTLC, NMR etc., will be carried out in future.
Advanced Biology
(Skyfox Publishing Group, 2020) Ramasamy, Sakthivel
A cell is the structural and fundamental unit of life. The study of cells from its basic structure to the functions of every cell organelle is called Cell Biology. Robert Hooke was the first Biologist who discovered cells. All organisms are made up of cells. They may be made up of a single cell (unicellular), or many cells (multicellular). Mycoplasmas are the smallest known cells. Cells are the building blocks of all living beings. They provide structure to the body and convert the nutrients taken from the food into energy. Cells are complex, and their components perform various functions in an organism. They are of different shapes and sizes, pretty much like bricks of the buildings. Our body is made up of cells of different shapes and sizes. Cells are the lowest level of organisation in every life form. From organism to organism, the count of cells may vary. Humans have the number of cells compared to that of bacteria. Cells comprise several cell organelles that perform specialised functions to carry out life processes. Every organelle has a specific structure. The hereditary material of the organisms is also present in the cells.
Analytical Study on the Impact of Teaching-Learning of ‘Transformation Geometry’ in Secondary Schools in General using Van Hiele’s Model
(International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities, 2024) Henry, Catherin
An analysis of the methods involved in the teaching-learning of the topics related to Transformation Geometry’ is one of the topics in mathematics in which learners have not been performing very well. The purpose of the study is aimed to identify the difficulties of the learners encounter when learning transformation geometry using Van Hiele’s model. Data was analysed through a process of coding, categorizing, clustering and performance indicators corresponding to the Van Hiele’s model were used in the analysis of data. The result of the study indicated that learners, experienced difficulties to solve problems involving enlargement transformation geometry problems. Learners struggle to grasp the fundamental concepts of enlargement, particularly with the concept of the centre and scale factor. The study findings revealed the challenges faced by the students in comprehending geometrical figures that were transformed to a larger dimension. The Learners inability to understand the steps of transformation geometry because they had insufficient background knowledge on the topic is taken to relevance in this paper writing. The study focuses on the limitations, challenges and remedies being intended for better learning prospects.
Biodiversity of Chlorococcales (Chlorophyceae) from Cement Factories in and arounded areas of Ariyalur District, Tamil Nadu.
(European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016) Ramasamy, Sakthivel
The present paper deals with 114 taxa of Chlorococcales were recorded from different water bodies of Eight Cement factories and nearby Twenty sites of Ariyalur District, Tamil Nadu. These belong to 28 genera. e.g. Chlamydomonas (3), Pandorina (2), Volvox (1), Chlorosarcina (1), Characium (1), Chlorococcum (3), Ettlia (1), Chlorella (6), Golenkinia (1), Tetraedron (11), Keratococcus (1), Oocystis (2), Actinastrum (2), Ankistrodesmus (4), Dactylococcus (1), Kirchneriella (3), Monoraphidium (4), Selenastrum (3), Dictyosphaerium (4), Dimorphococcus (1), Westella (2), Pediastrum (13), Coelastrum (7), Crucigenia (4), Tetrastrum (1), Tedrastrum (1), Desmodesmus (3), Scenedesmus (28). All these microalgal species were recorded first time from this region and out of these 44 species reported first from Tamil Nadu.
Challenges In Education
(Skyfox Publishing Group, 2020) Ramasamy, Sakthivel
A great emphasis, now a day, is placed on achievement right from the beginning of formal education. Achievement is a paramount importance, particularly in the present socio-economic and cultural contexts. It is a task-oriented behavior that allows the individual’s performance to be evaluated according to some internally or externally imposed criterion that involves some standard of excellence. Many teachers face several challenges in teaching. These problems show their impact on achievement of pupils. Realizing the inter-relationship between problems of teaching and teachers and achievement of pupils, a research study has been undertaken on a large scale. This book gives all details of the study which help the administrators and teachers in enhancing the achievement of pupils. This particular book is titled: Challenges in Education. We hope that the book will prove its worth by fulfilling the needs of those for whom it has been specifically designed. Any suggestion for its improvement in future will be gratefully acknowledged and warmly appreciated.
Competitiveness Realized in the Realms of Face-to-Face Teaching and Digital Platform as a Recent Trend Analysis: A Management Perspective
(Humanities and Social Science Studies, 2023) A. Fatima Mary
This paper examines the effectiveness of face-to-face and digital platforms of teaching methodology in the context of enhancing accessibility to all students. The study is significant as it provides valuable information on how face-to-face and digital learning can be enhanced. The study was based on a descriptive research design and the sample size for the study was 100. The respondents were selected through Stratified and Simple Random Sampling based on their highest academic qualifications. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data and SPSS was used for the analysis. The results of the study show that there is an equal preference for online mode in adapting to knowledge sequences and that digital platform offers easy access and convenient learning. The study findings further reveal that the aspect of interaction as seen in both scenarios is more or less on the same level but the immediate reception is more in online links and connectivity rather than with direct interactions which may not be consistent. The results also show a significant shift in preference and demand for online learning due to its flexibility. Based on the research findings, there is a need to develop, modalities for integrating both online and face-to-face learning in delivering lessons to learners by taking advantage of the complementary systems with more access to digital media.
Enumeration of Total Coliform Faecel Bacteria at two different Fish Landing Centres of Tuticorin
(European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016) Ramasamy, Sakthivel
The present investigation was aimed to explore the total coliform, Streptococcus aureus and faecel Streptococcus counts of the sea water from two selected fish landing stations of Tuticorin viz., Thirespuram and Sinthathirai matha kovil areas during 2007-2008. Formation of coliforms are analysed by standard procedure of MPN (Oblinger and Koburger, 1975) and IMVIC test (Poers and Latt, 1977). Enumeration of faecel coliform was detected by membrane filter technique (Bernasoni et al., 2006). The faecel streptococcal screening was carried out using multiple tube dilution method explained by Grasso et al., (2000). The results of two studied stations revealed that, station 2 encountered maximum Streptococcus aureus and faecel Streptococcus count in sea water [1400 MPN/100ml]. At station 1 and 2, maximum coliform count in sea water is 1600 MPN / 100 ml. The sediment samples at station 2 showed maximum total coliform counts [50 cfu / g]. The flesh of fin fish sample also showed invariably higher total coliform and fecal Streptococcus counts at station 2. The total coliform count of fish sample at both stations is recorded above the maximum permissible limit [5200 cfu /g]. Station 1 showed maximum Streptococcous aureus count in fish sample. Of the 2 stations studied, station 2 Sinthathirai matha kovil recorded maximum total coliform and faecel bacteria counts in water than the other station. Thus the results of present study is a preliminary account and it clearly indicates that a systematic study at these two important landing centres viz., Thirespuram and Sinthathirai matha kovil areas over the period of time during 2007-2008.
Evaluating the Genetic Affinity of Selaginella species Using Different Isozymic Profiles
(European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016) Ramasamy, Sakthivel
The present study was intended to identify the genetic variability among the selected species of Selaginella viz., Selaginella intermedia (Bl.) Spring, Selaginella inaequalifolia (Hook. et Grev.) Spring, Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring & Selaginella tenera (Hook & Grev.) Spring), Selaginella wightii Hieron., Selaginella brachystachya (Hook. & Grev.) Spring & Selaginella repanda (Desv.) Spring, Selaginella radicata (Hook. & Grev.) Spring, Selaginella bryopteris (L.) Bak, Selaginella delicatula (Desv.) Alston with cones), Selaginella delicatula (Desv.) Alston without cones were collected from Western Ghats, South India using different isozymic profiles. PAGE was carried out using standard procedure of Sadasivam and Manickam (1991). The isoenzymes selected for the study includes, esterase, peroxidase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and polyphenol oxidase. Multiple regions of activity with a total of thirty eight esterase bands, sixty six peroxidase bands, sixty three acid phosphatase bands, forty eight alkaline phosphatase bands and twelve polyphenol oxidase bands were observed in the isozymic system of studied Selaginella species. Unique banding profiles of esterase, peroxidase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and polyphenol oxidase which observed in the studied Selaginella species were used to distinguish the selected Selaginella species and these isozymic profiles will act as biochemical fingerprint for the studied species in plant systematic studies.
Exploring Pestcide application Practices for Managing Prominant Agriculture Pests in India and around Tenkasi
(INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, 2024) Chelliah, Ramalakshmi
This study, conducted between November and March in the Tenkasi district, examined pesticide usage in relation to crop cultivation in Shencottai,Sundarapandiyapuram, Sambavarvadakarai, Panboli, Kadayam, and Surandi.Sunflower, coconut, raw banana, paddy, and potato were the prominently cultivated crops. Pesticides like neem oil,FAME, carbaryl, coragen, malathion, and dimethoate were employed based on specific crops, showcasing diverse pest management strategies. Analysis revealed Dimethoate as the most extensively used pesticide, underscoring its significance in pest management during the study period. The study highlighted the broader ecological impact of pesticides, emphasizing risks to wildlife and plants. Ecotoxicology, focusing on pesticide impacts, was introduced.The study noted the far-reaching effects of pesticides, considering runoff, wind drift, and the persistence of certain pesticides like DDT and chlordane. Plants' absorption of pesticides through roots and leaves indicated their susceptibility. The cumulative impact on individual plants and animals underscored the need to address potential ecological consequences. In the study urged a careful evaluation of pesticide usage, considering environmental impacts. Adhering to label instructions and exploring alternatives with lower toxicity was advised. Integrated pest management (IPM) and proactive measures to prevent contamination in crucial locations were recommended. The study proposed organic farming as a sustainable alternative, contributing to a healthy environment and human well- being.
First report of freshwater microalgae from Ruvuma river, Songea, Tanzania, East Africa
(European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016) Ramasamy, Sakthivel
The present work deals with the 24 fresh water algal samples and description of 46 taxa of biodiversity of fresh water algae from Ruvuma river, Songea, Tanzania, East Africa. Collection of 24 fresh water algal samples were carried out during September 2015 to December 2015. Samples were examined in the laboratory and identified. The following micro algae were present Actinastrum (1), Pediastrum (3), Desmodesmus (1), Scenedesmus (2), Spirogyra (3), Penium (1), Closterium (3), Cosmarium (5), Euastrum (1), Staurastrum (1), Melosira (1), Synedra (2), Fragilaria (1), Nitzschia (1), Caloneis (1), Stauronesis (1), Navicula (2), Gomphonema (3), Euglena (2), Phacus (2), Trachelomonas (3), Chroococcus (1), Gomphosphaeria (1), Oscillatoria (3), Anabaena (1) were first time recorded and report. Algae are described with photographs.
Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles from Terminalia Arjuna L.) Bark Extract Characterization and Potential for Mercury Degradation
(Chemical Society of Ethiopia and The Authors, 2024) Chelliah, Ramalakshmi
The focus of this study is on synthesizing copper nanoparticles through a green approach, utilizing Terminalia arjuna bark extract. The ultra violet (UV) spectral analysis of copper nanoparticles synthesized through environmentally friendly methods revealed distinct absorption peaks at 287 nm, 575 nm, and 898 nm, indicative of significant light absorption. These peaks elucidate the nanoparticles' optical characteristics, shedding light on electronic transitions and surface plasmon resonance phenomena. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis displayed various peaks, suggesting vibrations associated with copper nanoparticles and functional groups in T. arjuna bark extract. The X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) data exhibited characteristic peaks corresponding to metallic copper's crystallographic planes, confirming the formation of highly crystalline copper nanoparticles. Atomic force microscopy results depicted surface morphology and particle size distribution. Copper nanoparticles show promise in mercury degradation due to their high surface area and catalytic activity. They interact effectively with mercury ions through adsorption, reduction, and oxidation processes, leading to sequestration or transformation into less toxic forms. Functionalization enhances their affinity towards mercury, while synergies with other nanomaterials boost efficiency. Green synthesized copper nanoparticles offer an eco-friendly solution for effective mercury remediation, promising advancements in sustainable nanotechnological approaches for global environmental sustainability.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Emblica officinalis and Their Role in Mercury (II) Chloride Detoxification
(International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 2025) Chelliah, Ramalakshmi
In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized using an aqueous extract of Emblica officinalis, serving as a green, sustainable reducing and stabilizing agent. UV-Visible spectrophotometric analysis confirmed the formation of AgNPs, with a distinct surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 382.04 nm, indicative of well-dispersed, spherical nanoparticles with minimal aggregation. The biosynthesized AgNPs were subsequently utilized to evaluate their potential in degrading mercury(II) chloride (HgCl2). Time-dependent UV-Vis analysis revealed a gradual and significant decline in the characteristic absorbance peaks of HgCl2, particularly at 302 nm, over a 48-hour period. This indicates effective degradation and possible reduction of mercury ions, facilitated by the catalytic and adsorptive properties of the nanoparticles. The findings demonstrate the dual functionality of E. officinalis-mediated AgNPs as both nanocatalysts and sorbents, offering a promising, eco-friendly approach for heavy metal remediation in aquatic environments.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Emblica officinalis and Their Role in Mercury (II) Chloride Detoxification
(International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 2025) Chelliah,Ramalakshmi
In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized using an aqueous extract of Emblica officinalis, serving as a green, sustainable reducing and stabilizing agent. UV-Visible spectrophotometric analysis confirmed the formation of AgNPs, with a distinct surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 382.04 nm, indicative of well-dispersed, spherical nanoparticles with minimal aggregation. The biosynthesized AgNPs were subsequently utilized to evaluate their potential in degrading mercury(II) chloride (HgCl₂). Time-dependent UV-Vis analysis revealed a gradual and significant decline in the characteristic absorbance peaks of HgCl₂, particularly at 302 nm, over a 48-hour period. This indicates effective degradation and possible reduction of mercury ions, facilitated by the catalytic and adsorptive properties of the nanoparticles.The findings demonstrate the dual functionality of E. officinal is-mediated AgNPs as both nanocatalysts and sorbents, offering a promising, eco-friendly approach for heavy metal remediation in aquatic environments.
Harmonizing Growth: Unleashing the Potential of Fish Waste as a Natural Liquid Elixir for Soil Health and Bountiful Tomato Harvests in Open Fields
(Transdisciplinary Insights in Life Sciences, 2024) Chelliah, Ramalakshmi
In this study, the impact of foliar spray treatments with fish amino acid (FAA) and urea on the growth parameters of Solanum lycopersicum was investigated. The results revealed significant influences on plant height, number of leaves per plant, and Leaf Area Index (LAI). Notably, the foliar application of 2% urea stimulated cell division and metabolic activity, resulting in taller plants and increased leaf count. Conversely, 1% FAA exhibited a notable increase in plant height, leaf count, and chlorophyll content, showcasing the potential of FAA to enhance metabolic activity and cell division. However, higher concentrations of FAA negatively impacted growth parameters. The study further explored the field growth differences, highlighting the substantial increase in fresh and dry weights under the foliar spray of 2% urea. Additionally, the yield of green leafy vegetables, particularly amaranthus, was significantly influenced by urea and FAA, with 2% urea contributing to a remarkable increase in yield. The research underscores the potential benefits of FAA and urea in enhancing soil fertility, nutrient content, and overall crop yield, providing insights into sustainable agricultural practices. Finally, the study introduces the benefits of fish protein fertilizer, emphasizing its role in soil enrichment, microbial biomass maintenance, root and leaf growth stimulation, and overall plant health. The environmentally friendly nature of fish protein fertilizer and its positive impact on Solanum lycopersicum make it a promising alternative for sustainable and robust agricultural practices.
Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Effects of Ecbolium viride, Gendarussa vulgaris and Sphaeranthus amaranthoides in NASH Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Wister Rats
(Parishodh Journal, 2020) Ramasamy, Sakthivel
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) caused due to over-nutrition, decreased physical activity with disproportionate high-fat food intake, obesity, type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the metabolic syndrome characterized by steatosis, lobular inflammation and progressive pericellular fibrosis. This hepatic disease cannot be remedied by chemicals its addition may lead to complication. Hence herbal drug is the possible remedy. The hepatoprotective effect of Ecbolium viride, Gendarussa vulgaris and Sphaeranthus amaranthoides were monitored by estimating the Triglycerides(TG),Total cholesterol(TC),Low density lipoprotein(LDL), High density lipoprotein (HDL), Aspartate transaminases (AST), Alanine transaminases (ALT), Alkaline phospatases (ALP), and Lactate dehydrogenases (LDH).Plant extracts singly or in combination at a dose of 2g/kg significantly prevented the increase in serum level inliver. Theantioxidant enzymes following D- Galactosamine and diet induced hepatoxicity in albino rats was reversed by plant extracts.
Identification of Novel Biomarker for the Medicinally Important Speceis of selaginella using MALDI TOF Ms Analysis
(European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016) Ramasamy, Sakthive
MALDI profiling has become a good tool for the discovery and validation of biomarkers. In the present study, MALDI-TOF MS has been applied as a tool to identify the biochemical (protein) similarities and variations among the selected Selaginella species viz., Selaginella intermedia (Bl.) Spring, Selaginella inaequalifolia (Hook. et Grev.) Spring, Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring, Selaginella tenera (Hook & Grev.) Spring, Selaginella wightii Hieron., Selaginella brachystachya (Hook. & Grev.) Spring, Selaginella repanda (Desv.) Spring, Selaginella radicata (Hook. & Grev.) Spring, Selaginella bryopteris (L.) Bak and Selaginella delicatula (Desv.) Alston from their natural habitats of South India. MALDI-TOF MS characterization of Selaginella species collected from various localities of South India expressed different ion peaks ranged from 0 - 1, 00,000 kDa. A total of 556 ranging from 491 to 99939 m/z values MALDI-TOF MS spectral peaks were observed. Among the spectral profile of ten Selaginella species, S. involvens displayed maximum number (84) of spectral peaks ranged from 527 to 99215 m/z values and S. radicata depicted minimum number (21) of spectral peaks varied from 694 to 91754 m/z values. Totally, 139 spectral peaks showed the inter-species resemblance among the studied medicinally important Selaginella species. The cladogram constructed based on the unique spectral values displayed both monophyletic group and paraphyletic taxon. The distinguished character of S. tenera, S. involvens, S. wightii, S. brachystachya, S. repanda and S. delicatula is confirmed in the cladogram by the presence of unique m/z values. The unique m/z values can be act as a biochemical marker to identify the specific Selaginella species in chemosystematics and pharmaceutical industries.
In Silico Drug Design in Human Apotosis Inducing Factor(AIF) in Lund Cancer
(Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR), 2025) Murugesan, Anbu Megala
The malignant condition known as lung cancer is characterized by unchecked growth in the lung's tissues or cells. This aberrant growth develops into a tumour known as a carcinoma. If it is not appropriately or quickly treated, it may metastasize to other areas of the body. In multicellular organisms, apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death in which the cell goes through a sequence of biochemical events that promote cell development, eliminate undesirable cells, preserve tissue integrity, and stop the spread of cancer. It is the cell's method of carrying out a controlled suicide. The cell shrinks, develops blebs, and breaks apart its DNA during apoptosis. Apoptotic cell mutations can result in tissue damage, tumour growth, unchecked cell division, and neurodegenerative diseases. causing apoptosis. Mutations in apoptotic cells can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation, tumor development, tissue damage, and neurodegenerative disorders. Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is a mitochondrial protein involved in both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptosis pathways. AIF was initially characterized as a cell death mediator and plays an important role in lung cancer. Coiled-Coil-Helix, domain containing Protein 4, or CHCHD4, is involved in oxidative stress regulation and mitochondrial health maintenance. CHCHD4 plays a role in the cellular reaction to damage by interacting with proteins in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. CHCHD4 may have an impact on lung cancer cell survival, particularly in the presence of oxidative stress, which is typical of cancer cells. Computer-aided drug design (CADD), also known as in silico drug design, is a computational method that uses bioinformatics tools to find molecules that resemble drugs. The biological and physicochemical characteristics of possible drug candidates are analysed and predicted with the aid of these tools. Because it offers tools and techniques for analyzing vast amounts of biological data, forecasting drug-target interactions, modelling protein structures, and simulating molecular interactions, bioinformatics is essential to in-silico drug design. This research could pave the way for more effective therapies targeting mitochondrial functions and cell death pathways in cancer, bridging the gap between theoretical research and practical application in drug discovery to improve patient outcomes.
In-Silico Approach for Potential Drug Target in Human Mutant Complex with Nadph and AG-881 Inhibitor
(Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR), 2025) Murugesan, Anbu Megala
The drug discovery has undergone a significant transformation with the advent of computational approaches, enabling rapid identification and evaluation of potential therapeutic candidates. In-silico methods such as molecular docking, structural stability analysis, and toxicity prediction have become essential tools for exploring drug-target interactions. This study employs a computational approach to investigate potential drug targets in a human mutant complex bound to NADPH and AG-881 (Vorasidenib) inhibitor, with a particular focus on two promising compounds: Tovorafenib and Curcumin. Mutations in key regulatory proteins often lead to structural and functional alterations, which can contribute to the progression of various diseases, including cancer and metabolic disorders. Understanding how these mutations influence drug binding is crucial for designing effective targeted therapies. AG-881 is known for its selective inhibition of mutant enzymes, but alternative compounds such as Tovorafenib and Curcumin could provide new therapeutic avenues. Tovorafenib, a kinase inhibitor, has demonstrated efficacy in targeting oncogenic mutations, particularly in RAF kinase-driven malignancies, while Curcumin, a naturally occurring polyphenol, exhibits potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Despite these promising attributes, the binding efficiency, stability, and toxicity profiles of these compounds in the context of the studied mutant complex remain unexplored. To evaluate their potential, molecular docking was performed using CB-Dock, an automated docking tool that predicts ligand binding sites and ranks interactions based on binding affinity. Structural stability analysis was conducted using PyMOL, where root mean square deviation (RMSD) calculations were used to assess conformational changes and the stability of the protein-ligand complexes. Additionally, the toxicity profiles of Tovorafenib and Curcumin were predicted using toxicity identification tools, which evaluates hepatotoxicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and overall drug-likeness. This study aims to determine the binding affinities of Tovorafenib and Curcumin with the mutant complex, analyze their impact on structural stability, and compare their toxicity profiles. By integrating these computational techniques, we aim to provide insights into the feasibility of repurposing these compounds for potential therapeutic applications. The results of this study could contribute to the ongoing efforts in precision medicine by identifying promising drug candidates that warrant further experimental validation through in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Leveraging in-silico approaches for drug discovery enhances our ability to identify novel treatments efficiently, reducing the time and cost associated with traditional drug development methods [1, 2, 3, 4 ,5].
Language, Literature and Creativity: A Fusion for Human Development
(International Journal of English, 2019) K. Sripathi, Sumathi
The paper aims to bring in an understanding of the concept of Language, Literature and Creativity, which enhances human sensibilities, thereby enforcing a fusion among the three to sustain humanity. It is crucial to bring in the focus as the fusion of language, literature and creativity produces prominent work of art. As far as English Literature is concerned writers of outstanding works of art using this ideology to bring in a remarkable literary piece of work into reality. This perspective brings rapid change to the existing order of writing patterns and at the same time, arouses interests to the audience. Emphasis is made to break the stereotype systems to establish the positivistic nature of the human inquiry. The future of humanities of English Literature dwells in the fusion which can be realised in most writings of literature.

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