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Biodiversity of Chlorococcales (Chlorophyceae) from Cement Factories in and arounded areas of Ariyalur District, Tamil Nadu.
(European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016) Ramasamy, Sakthivel
The present paper deals with 114 taxa of Chlorococcales were recorded from different water bodies of Eight Cement factories and nearby Twenty sites of Ariyalur District, Tamil Nadu. These belong to 28 genera. e.g. Chlamydomonas (3), Pandorina (2), Volvox (1), Chlorosarcina (1), Characium (1), Chlorococcum (3), Ettlia (1), Chlorella (6), Golenkinia (1), Tetraedron (11), Keratococcus (1), Oocystis (2), Actinastrum (2), Ankistrodesmus (4), Dactylococcus (1), Kirchneriella (3), Monoraphidium (4), Selenastrum (3), Dictyosphaerium (4), Dimorphococcus (1), Westella (2), Pediastrum (13), Coelastrum (7), Crucigenia (4), Tetrastrum (1), Tedrastrum (1), Desmodesmus (3), Scenedesmus (28). All these microalgal species were recorded first time from this region and out of these 44 species reported first from Tamil Nadu.
Identification of Novel Biomarker for the Medicinally Important Speceis of selaginella using MALDI TOF Ms Analysis
(European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016) Ramasamy, Sakthive
MALDI profiling has become a good tool for the discovery and validation of biomarkers. In the present study, MALDI-TOF MS has been applied as a tool to identify the biochemical (protein) similarities and variations among the selected Selaginella species viz., Selaginella intermedia (Bl.) Spring, Selaginella inaequalifolia (Hook. et Grev.) Spring, Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring, Selaginella tenera (Hook & Grev.) Spring, Selaginella wightii Hieron., Selaginella brachystachya (Hook. & Grev.) Spring, Selaginella repanda (Desv.) Spring, Selaginella radicata (Hook. & Grev.) Spring, Selaginella bryopteris (L.) Bak and Selaginella delicatula (Desv.) Alston from their natural habitats of South India. MALDI-TOF MS characterization of Selaginella species collected from various localities of South India expressed different ion peaks ranged from 0 - 1, 00,000 kDa. A total of 556 ranging from 491 to 99939 m/z values MALDI-TOF MS spectral peaks were observed. Among the spectral profile of ten Selaginella species, S. involvens displayed maximum number (84) of spectral peaks ranged from 527 to 99215 m/z values and S. radicata depicted minimum number (21) of spectral peaks varied from 694 to 91754 m/z values. Totally, 139 spectral peaks showed the inter-species resemblance among the studied medicinally important Selaginella species. The cladogram constructed based on the unique spectral values displayed both monophyletic group and paraphyletic taxon. The distinguished character of S. tenera, S. involvens, S. wightii, S. brachystachya, S. repanda and S. delicatula is confirmed in the cladogram by the presence of unique m/z values. The unique m/z values can be act as a biochemical marker to identify the specific Selaginella species in chemosystematics and pharmaceutical industries.
Enumeration of Total Coliform Faecel Bacteria at two different Fish Landing Centres of Tuticorin
(European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016) Ramasamy, Sakthivel
The present investigation was aimed to explore the total coliform, Streptococcus aureus and faecel Streptococcus counts of the sea water from two selected fish landing stations of Tuticorin viz., Thirespuram and Sinthathirai matha kovil areas during 2007-2008. Formation of coliforms are analysed by standard procedure of MPN (Oblinger and Koburger, 1975) and IMVIC test (Poers and Latt, 1977). Enumeration of faecel coliform was detected by membrane filter technique (Bernasoni et al., 2006). The faecel streptococcal screening was carried out using multiple tube dilution method explained by Grasso et al., (2000). The results of two studied stations revealed that, station 2 encountered maximum Streptococcus aureus and faecel Streptococcus count in sea water [1400 MPN/100ml]. At station 1 and 2, maximum coliform count in sea water is 1600 MPN / 100 ml. The sediment samples at station 2 showed maximum total coliform counts [50 cfu / g]. The flesh of fin fish sample also showed invariably higher total coliform and fecal Streptococcus counts at station 2. The total coliform count of fish sample at both stations is recorded above the maximum permissible limit [5200 cfu /g]. Station 1 showed maximum Streptococcous aureus count in fish sample. Of the 2 stations studied, station 2 Sinthathirai matha kovil recorded maximum total coliform and faecel bacteria counts in water than the other station. Thus the results of present study is a preliminary account and it clearly indicates that a systematic study at these two important landing centres viz., Thirespuram and Sinthathirai matha kovil areas over the period of time during 2007-2008.
Evaluating the Genetic Affinity of Selaginella species Using Different Isozymic Profiles
(European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016) Ramasamy, Sakthivel
The present study was intended to identify the genetic variability among the selected species of Selaginella viz., Selaginella intermedia (Bl.) Spring, Selaginella inaequalifolia (Hook. et Grev.) Spring, Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring & Selaginella tenera (Hook & Grev.) Spring), Selaginella wightii Hieron., Selaginella brachystachya (Hook. & Grev.) Spring & Selaginella repanda (Desv.) Spring, Selaginella radicata (Hook. & Grev.) Spring, Selaginella bryopteris (L.) Bak, Selaginella delicatula (Desv.) Alston with cones), Selaginella delicatula (Desv.) Alston without cones were collected from Western Ghats, South India using different isozymic profiles. PAGE was carried out using standard procedure of Sadasivam and Manickam (1991). The isoenzymes selected for the study includes, esterase, peroxidase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and polyphenol oxidase. Multiple regions of activity with a total of thirty eight esterase bands, sixty six peroxidase bands, sixty three acid phosphatase bands, forty eight alkaline phosphatase bands and twelve polyphenol oxidase bands were observed in the isozymic system of studied Selaginella species. Unique banding profiles of esterase, peroxidase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and polyphenol oxidase which observed in the studied Selaginella species were used to distinguish the selected Selaginella species and these isozymic profiles will act as biochemical fingerprint for the studied species in plant systematic studies.
First report of freshwater microalgae from Ruvuma river, Songea, Tanzania, East Africa
(European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016) Ramasamy, Sakthivel
The present work deals with the 24 fresh water algal samples and description of 46 taxa of biodiversity of fresh water algae from Ruvuma river, Songea, Tanzania, East Africa. Collection of 24 fresh water algal samples were carried out during September 2015 to December 2015. Samples were examined in the laboratory and identified. The following micro algae were present Actinastrum (1), Pediastrum (3), Desmodesmus (1), Scenedesmus (2), Spirogyra (3), Penium (1), Closterium (3), Cosmarium (5), Euastrum (1), Staurastrum (1), Melosira (1), Synedra (2), Fragilaria (1), Nitzschia (1), Caloneis (1), Stauronesis (1), Navicula (2), Gomphonema (3), Euglena (2), Phacus (2), Trachelomonas (3), Chroococcus (1), Gomphosphaeria (1), Oscillatoria (3), Anabaena (1) were first time recorded and report. Algae are described with photographs.
Phycoremediation of Industrial Effluent from Tannary in Peranampattu and Ambur area of Palar River
(European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016) Ramasamy, Sakthivel
The leather industry represents an important economic sector in many countries. On the other hand, it generates large amounts of wastewater containing ammonium ion, sulphides, surfactants, acids, dyes, sulfonated oils and organic substances including natural or synthetic tannins agents. Tannery wastewater treatment is very complex, due to the addition of large number of chemicals in several concentrations. The treatments of these effluents using physical - chemical methods alone are quite expensive technologies. Hence the present work is focused on biological treatment to reduce the pollutants of tannery effluents and through micro algal treatment process taken from the tannery industries Peranampattuand AmburPalar River effluents, Tamil Nadu, India. The effluent samples were characterized by measurements of Physico – chemical properties, such as, BOD, COD, etc.,. In our findings we observed that the consortium of Microalgal species such as Chlorella vulgaris andScenedesmusdimorphusat various ratios (Control, 100:400, 200:300, 250:250, 300:200, 400:100 of algae and effluent concentration respectively) effectively reduces the TDS, COD and BOD level of effluents which was confirmed by the Physico-Chemical measurements at regular interval of 7 days for a period of 21 days. The concentration of algal consortium and effluent 250:250 was found to effectively reduce TDS, BOD and COD levels when compared to individuals. Hence this technology avoids use of chemicals and the whole process of effluent treatment is simplified to make it and eco-friendly & economical.
Subaltern Studies Orientalism in Subaltern Perspective of the post Colonial Period with Underlying Subjugate Consciousness
(Literary Endeavour, 2018) K. Sripathi, Sumathi
To be totally free one needs to be totally aware, because our bondage is rooted in our unconsciousness; it does not come from the outside. Nobody can make you unfree. You can be destroyed but freedom cannot be taken away unless you give it away”. Osho, 'Insights for a new way of living'. This is the major issue of understanding the roots of slavery. Mankind loosing the thought of their individual existence has gone topsy-turvy in unrealistic beliefs and adherence. The facts and issues of the subaltern consciousness speak of this situational psychosis. Many writers from the 18 and 19 centuries have focused their writings on this issue of bondage and the crisis to overcome and to create a legacy has been the truth behind subaltern studies and its perspectives to literary achievement.
A Research Analysis on Phytochemical and the Activities of Antibacterial in Piper betel varieties (Kaara Vetrilai and Vellai Vetrilai)
(International Journal on Recent Advancement in Biotechnology & Nanotechnology, 2019) Ramasamy, Sakthivel
Piper betel is a well-known ethno-botanical medicinal plant whose leaf is known to possess antiseptic, antileslmian and antimicrobial properties. Considering these properties a preliminary study on the phytochemical present in Piper betel was carried to find the presence of any new antibacterial compounds .Two varieties (Kaaravetrilai and Vellaivetrilai) of Piper betel leaves were collected from the various local markets. Fresh and dry leaf sample were used for phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity. Based on the qualitative analysis of Piper betel it was found to contain Tannins, Flavanoids, Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Saponins, Cardiac Glycosides and Glycosides .The extract was obtained from dried leaves using ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform and also aqueous extract was obtained using these crude extract an attempt was made to find out their antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity studies showed the prominent zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Further, the isolation and identification of the extract using GC-MASS, HPTLC, NMR etc., will be carried out in future.
A Study on Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Piper betel varieties (Kamar and Kumbakonam Vetrilai)
(International Journal on Recent Advancement in Biotechnology & Nanotechnology, 2019) Ramasamy, Sakthivel
Piper betel is a well-known ethno-botanical medicinal plant whose leaf is known to possess antiseptic, antileshmian and antimicrobial properties. Considering these properties a preliminary study on the phytochemicals presentin Piper betel was carried to find the presence of any new antibacterial compounds. Two varieties (Kamar and Kumbakonamvetrilai) of Piper betel leaves were collected from various local markets. Fresh and dry leaf samples were used for phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity. Based on the qualitative analysis of Piper betel it was found to contain Tannins, Flavanoids, Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Saponins, Cardiac Glycosides and Glycosides. The extract was obtained from dried leaves using ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform and also aqueous extract was obtained. Using these crude extracts an attempt was made to find out their antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity studies showed the prominent zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli.Further, the isolation and identification of the extract using GC-MASS, HPTLC, NMR etc., will be carried out in future.
Language, Literature and Creativity: A Fusion for Human Development
(International Journal of English, 2019) K. Sripathi, Sumathi
The paper aims to bring in an understanding of the concept of Language, Literature and Creativity, which enhances human sensibilities, thereby enforcing a fusion among the three to sustain humanity. It is crucial to bring in the focus as the fusion of language, literature and creativity produces prominent work of art. As far as English Literature is concerned writers of outstanding works of art using this ideology to bring in a remarkable literary piece of work into reality. This perspective brings rapid change to the existing order of writing patterns and at the same time, arouses interests to the audience. Emphasis is made to break the stereotype systems to establish the positivistic nature of the human inquiry. The future of humanities of English Literature dwells in the fusion which can be realised in most writings of literature.
Challenges In Education
(Skyfox Publishing Group, 2020) Ramasamy, Sakthivel
A great emphasis, now a day, is placed on achievement right from the beginning of formal education. Achievement is a paramount importance, particularly in the present socio-economic and cultural contexts. It is a task-oriented behavior that allows the individual’s performance to be evaluated according to some internally or externally imposed criterion that involves some standard of excellence. Many teachers face several challenges in teaching. These problems show their impact on achievement of pupils. Realizing the inter-relationship between problems of teaching and teachers and achievement of pupils, a research study has been undertaken on a large scale. This book gives all details of the study which help the administrators and teachers in enhancing the achievement of pupils. This particular book is titled: Challenges in Education. We hope that the book will prove its worth by fulfilling the needs of those for whom it has been specifically designed. Any suggestion for its improvement in future will be gratefully acknowledged and warmly appreciated.
Students Satisfaction Level Towards Innovative Practice in Classroom Teaching an Empirical Analysis
(Studies in Indian Place Names, 2020) A. Fatima Mary
Innovativeness is the part of educational practice towards younger generation. Students’ satisfaction is an essential tool can be used for measuring the quality of education. It can be defined as a short term attitude resulting from an evaluation of feedback from the students, educational experience, services and facilities. In the field of Education, in order to attract the student’s mindset latest technology were used and able to understand the students’ psychology and teaching methods. In this study the researcher used Chi Square analysis by using IBM SPSS 25.
Low-cost, post-harvest preservation of fresh Ginger - Zingiber officinale rhizome during winter in Lusaka, Zambia
(2020) K. Sripathi, Sumathi; Ramasamy, Sakthivel
In Zambia, fresh ginger is the ultimate home remedy to many common ailments as common cold, sore throat and indigestion. They supply and availability of Ginger are greatly curtailed to the common man by lack of post-harvest and storage facilities coupled with high cost. Thus, the aim of the study was to identify a low-cost post-harvest technology to preserve ginger during the winter season of Lusaka, Zambia. The current study found that the clay-covered ginger can be stored up to 6 months at room temperature during the winter months from May to October in Lusaka, Zambia. Thus, the keeping quality of fresh ginger was extended the availability of fresh ginger rhizome in off-seasons for all walks of people.
Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Effects of Ecbolium viride, Gendarussa vulgaris and Sphaeranthus amaranthoides in NASH Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Wister Rats
(Parishodh Journal, 2020) Ramasamy, Sakthivel
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) caused due to over-nutrition, decreased physical activity with disproportionate high-fat food intake, obesity, type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the metabolic syndrome characterized by steatosis, lobular inflammation and progressive pericellular fibrosis. This hepatic disease cannot be remedied by chemicals its addition may lead to complication. Hence herbal drug is the possible remedy. The hepatoprotective effect of Ecbolium viride, Gendarussa vulgaris and Sphaeranthus amaranthoides were monitored by estimating the Triglycerides(TG),Total cholesterol(TC),Low density lipoprotein(LDL), High density lipoprotein (HDL), Aspartate transaminases (AST), Alanine transaminases (ALT), Alkaline phospatases (ALP), and Lactate dehydrogenases (LDH).Plant extracts singly or in combination at a dose of 2g/kg significantly prevented the increase in serum level inliver. Theantioxidant enzymes following D- Galactosamine and diet induced hepatoxicity in albino rats was reversed by plant extracts.
Teaching of Science Education
(Skyfox Publishing Group, 2020) Ramasamy, Sakthivel
‘Teaching of Science’ requires special skill and with the continuing developments and latest researchers, the teaching methodology needs modification. Teaching is a noble profession. It involves honour, prestige, knowledge-updated information, money and much more. From primary to higher education, a teacher is looked upon as an ideal for students. Students make all efforts to imitate their teacher in every respect. As for knowledge, students regard teachers as a moving store-house of information and erudition, where every question has an answer. No doubt, there are so many other books on the subject, available in the market, written by worthy authors. However, every writer has his or her own style and way of presentation. The present work also has its own features and characteristics. This particular book is titled: Teaching of Science Education. We hope that the book will prove its worth by fulfilling the needs of those for whom it has been specifically designed. Any suggestion for its improvement in future will be gratefully acknowledged and warmly appreciated.
Plant Biotechnology
(Skyfox Publishing Group, 2020) Ramasamy, Sakthivel
An important aspect of all biotechnology processes is the culture of either the plants cells or animal cells or microorganisms (Fig. 1). The cells in culture can be used for recombinant DNA technology, genetic manipulations etc. Plant cell culture or the plant tissue culture is based on the unique property of the cell-totipotency. The concept of modern plant biotechnology originated in the year 1838, from the Cell theory of Schleiden and Schwann, which emphasises cell as the primary unit of all living things. In 1902, the concept of totipotency (The ability of a single cell to divide and produce all of the differentiated cells in an organism) was put forth by Galberlandt citing the production of somatic embryos from vegetative cells. From then on with leaping steps of technology growth Biotechnology hadstrodeahead. Plant biotechnology has succeeded in development of transgenic plant which has now become the nodal point for many applications for plant biotechnology.
Advanced Biology
(Skyfox Publishing Group, 2020) Ramasamy, Sakthivel
A cell is the structural and fundamental unit of life. The study of cells from its basic structure to the functions of every cell organelle is called Cell Biology. Robert Hooke was the first Biologist who discovered cells. All organisms are made up of cells. They may be made up of a single cell (unicellular), or many cells (multicellular). Mycoplasmas are the smallest known cells. Cells are the building blocks of all living beings. They provide structure to the body and convert the nutrients taken from the food into energy. Cells are complex, and their components perform various functions in an organism. They are of different shapes and sizes, pretty much like bricks of the buildings. Our body is made up of cells of different shapes and sizes. Cells are the lowest level of organisation in every life form. From organism to organism, the count of cells may vary. Humans have the number of cells compared to that of bacteria. Cells comprise several cell organelles that perform specialised functions to carry out life processes. Every organelle has a specific structure. The hereditary material of the organisms is also present in the cells.
Studies on Phytochemical and Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Allium Cepa L., Mentha Arensis L., and Mirabilis Jalapa L.
(Our Heritage, 2020) Ramasamy, Sakthivel
In ethanomedical practices the traditional healers use Allium cepa L., Menthaarvensis L., and Mirabilis jalapa L., in the treatment of various ailments. Scientific parameters are used to identify the true plant material and to ensure its quality. The powder of three plants have shown the presence of tannin, flavanoid, anthocyanin, glucosides, phenol, carbohydrates, saponin, alkaloids are predominantly present in which tannin, flavanoids and anthocyanin are of medicinal importance.
The Impact of Covid-19 on the Education Sector in Zambia A Case Study on DMI-St. Eugene University
(International Journal of Management, 2021) Iradukunda, Franck
COVID-19 pandemic has left the largest disorder in education systems in history; these affected more than3.6 a billion learners in more than 200 countries. Suspending of physical learning of colleges, institutions and universities have impacted more than 95% of the world’s learner’s population. This has brought changes in all aspects of our usual education systems. Social distancing, mask-up and restrictive movement policies were put in place by several governments that have considerably interrupted ancient instructional practices. Re-opening of learning establishments and universities after relaxation of restriction is another ultimatum with many new standard operating systems and procedures that will be put in place. Since late 2019 after discovering the COVID-19 pandemic, several researchers have shared their findings on teaching and learning practices. Many colleges, faculties and universities have abandoned face-to-face teaching and learning practices. We tend to might lose the 2021 academic year or perhaps additional within the coming future. This recommends we’d like to introduce and implement different educational systems and assessment ways during which learning and teaching will continue however additionally putting in place the mitigation to fight against the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has given us an opportunity to introducing and improve digital learning and teaching systems to the very best level as never been before. This analysis aims to provide a radical report on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the education sector in Zambia, specifically at DMI-St. Eugene University.
The Effects of Primary School Headteachers’ and Deputy Headteachers’ Administrative Strategies on the Job Performance of Primary School Teachers’ in Chibombo District of Central Province, Zambia
(Journal of Nursing Research, Education and Management, 2021) Ramasamy, Sakthivel
The study investigated the eventuality of Primary School Headteachers’ administrative strategies on the job achievement of Primary School Teachers’ in Chibombo District of Central Province, Zambia. The research approach was mixed method research approach that involved the compilation and examination of data using both quantitative and qualitative approach. The research sample was comprised of 20 primary school headteachers and 150 primary school teachers. In the quantitative area of the research, systematic random sampling strategy was utilised in the selection of sample for the study. In the qualitative area of the research, non-probability sampling was used. Purposive sampling was utilised for the identification of participants to be incorporated in the sample. Questionnaires and structured interviews was used in this study. Quantitative data was analyzed deductively using the statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Elseways, qualitative data was analyzed inductively by grouping it into categories according to emerging themes. The result of the research revealed that 90% of the participants showed that the administrative techniques utilised by head teachers affected them negatively while 10% of the participants showed that they were affected positively. Furthermore, according to the results of the research, the following recommendations emerged: Encouraging teamwork among teachers and head of the school, encouraging head teachers to appreciate their teachers’ efforts, caring for educators and pupils, increasing monitoring of teaching and learning processes, encouraging participatory decision making processes, encouraging free communication among the teachers and the head of the school, creation of protected working environments, increasing enthusiasm of teachers and becoming people- oriented leaders

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