Diploma in Environmental Health Sciences

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    Water the Indispensible reality of the Macrocosm-Case study as a learning tool for best practices.
    (International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 2018) K. Sripathi, Sumathi
    The origin of the ‘elixir of the life’ WATER is divine. The availability in a country talks about its rich natural resource of great benefit to mankind. This understanding shall bring in the improvement of people of the area and thereby improving the life style of the people. Water as an economic driver harps on the agricultural and industrial impetus of the nation. This concept depicts perpetualization of the usage factor and the benefits the people of the nations derive from the source. Water resources are the cradles of civilization from the ancient past. Enhancing better irrigational facilities with advancement to hydraulic systems, purification of available surface water through simple applications for common man’s liberation using plant products available in the area, ethno-botanical applications and developing modernized systems of saving the rich harvest of rain water by reinforcing earth’s strata are some the main essentialities that are sure to develop and improve standards of life in the Sub-Saharan Africa. The perspective is broad based that requires sustainable developmental strategies and can be worked out with governmental and non-governmental agencies. Purification of water using simple mechanisms should be taught to the people to create an awareness of the natural water content, which in most Sub-Saharan regions seems to be ‘hard water’ and further designing ways to save the rain water that is received during the rainy season, to overcome paucity and to bring forth maximized agricultural produce throughout the year should be the main concern in the developing countries of SubSaharan sector. Ultimately this paper intends to put forth viable purification processes and details on the geographical substrata where good rain harvesting systems can be constructed for future use of the Sub-Saharan Africa, taking into consideration the Zambian geographical features.
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    Pesticide Infestation in Soil: Current Trends and Environmentally Benign Mitigation Approach
    (EM International, 2024) Chelliah, Ramalakshmi
    Chemical pesticides are often employed in agricultural fields in modern agriculture to boost crop output. These pesticides influence the activity and abundance of beneficial soil microbial communities, in addition to controlling insect pests. Chemical pesticides disrupt soil microbial activities, which may alter the soil’s ability to raise a crop. This has led to detrimental effects on soil ecosystem. With unprecedented use of pesticides, challenges related to bio-accumulation and bio-magnification has increased manifolds, which has necessitated pesticide removal by bio-degradation pathways. Pesticide degradation is influenced by a number of variables, including soil moisture, temperature, pH, pesticide composition and concentration. Insect pests and weeds in crops are effectively controlled with pesticides. This review examines pesticide associated risks, the mechanism of microbial degradation of pesticides, the factors that affect the degradation of pesticides and the new pesticides due to the substantial threat that pesticide residues pose to the environment and human health.