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Item The 5th InTraders International Conference on International Trade Abstract Book(Kürşat ÇAPRAZ, 2020) Rashmi Ramasamy, SakthivelWe aim to provide contribution international trade field by our International Spring Conferences, International Autumn Conferences, Academic Journal, Conference Alerts News and International Market Research. There will be special issues in In Traders International Trade Academic Journal from the studies take place in our conferences.InTraders conference is international and targets the participants from all over the world and shape the organization in this direction. The congress aims to have papers from academicians and private sector managers. The written and presentation language is English. Conference main topics; international trade, business, economics and supply chain management.Item The Impact of Social Cash Transfer on Rural Livelihood in Zambia(2020) Ramasamy, SakthivelThe article is focused on the impact that the social cash transfer has on the lives of the rural people. To assess the impact, the study will use processes involving literature reviews and field visits to institutions mandate to manage the scheme. Interviews will also be conducted with the beneficiaries through the help of an interview schedule that the researcher with design. Thus the main objective was to assess the relevance, appropriateness, sustainability, and impact of social cash transfer schemes in Shamwinda Village in Chibombo District, Zambia. It can be concluded that the research was successful because all the objectives that were alluded to in the first research were met. The findings were more positive than negative according to the article title, which is the impact of cash transfers on rural livelihood. Although it has been discovered that a higher percentage of the beneficiaries did not use their money to invest but on food. Therefore, it can be concluded that social cash transfers have played a tremendous change in the diet of the beneficiaries in Shamwinda VillageItem An Investigation on Accounting Information System, Zambia(International Journal of Management, 2020) S. Antony, Sibi; Stanish, Antony Lucia MerinThis study and research are to know how accounting is done in a private school, the type of accounting system being used, and its effectiveness, accounts being the recording of financial transactions is necessary to be handled well. The goal of this study is to understand how the private education sector organizes a set of manual and computerized accounting methods, procedures, and controls established to gather, record, classify, analyze, summarize, interpret and present accurate and timely financial data used. This case study gives detail on the computer and manual accounting systems and the perception of accountants on the accounting system used in private institutions. This research study highlights how private education institutions keep systematic records of financial transactions to find out the type of payment system is used, how the school protects its business if its insured, how it utilizes the operational profits, and how effective is the accounting system. This will be analyzed by a structured questionnaire that will comprise closed-ended and open-ended questions to collect the primary data from the respondents who are residing in Lusaka.Item A Study on Portfolio Evaluation and Investment Decision With Reference To Sharekhan Limited, Chennai(Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR), 2017) Ramasamy, SakthivelPortfolio management can be defined and used in many a ways, because the basic meaning of the word is “combination of the various things keeping intact”. So I considered and evaluated this from the perspective of the investment part in the securities segment. From the investor point of view this portfolio followed by him is very important since through this way one can manage the risk of investing in securities and thereby managing to get good returns from the investment in diversified securities instead of putting all the money into one basket. Now a day’s investors are very cautious in choosing the right portfolio of securities to avoid the risks from the market forces and economic forces. So this topic is chosen because in portfolio management one has to follow certain steps in choosing the right portfolio in order to get good and effective returns by managing all the risks. This topic covers the how a particular portfolio has to be chosen concerning all the securities individual return and thereby arriving at the overall portfolio return. This also covers the various techniques of evaluation of the portfolio with regarding to all the uncertainties and gives an edge to select the right one. The purpose of choosing this topic is to know how the portfolio management has to be done in arriving at the effective one and at the same time make aware the investors to choose the securities which they want to put them in their portfolio. This also gives an edge in arriving at the right portfolio in consideration to different securities rather than one single security. The project is undertaken for the study of my subject thoroughly while understanding the different case studies for the better understanding of the investors and myself.Item The Role of Trade Openness in Shaping Economic Growth: A Case Study of Malawi's Development Trajectory(International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 2025) Nagarajan, Sankara NayagamIt analyzed this study and articulated the effect trade openness had on the economy of Malawi with the aid of annual time series data from 1975 to 2024. Such period contained an instance of history in that independent Malawi would shift into democratic form of governance, which would be characterized by different regimes. One of the objectives of the study was to enlighten how trade openness would affect the economic trajectory of the country within this particular time frame. The study used Error Correction ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lags) method for examining the long-term relationship between trade openness and economic growth. The model was best-suited for mixed and integrated dataset, that is, combining the variables that were stationary and no stationary. This analysis result indicated short and long-run effect of trade on economic growth in Malawi. The impact that trade openness brought about in the course of economic growth resembled the kind of recent topic under debates that had many mixed and opposed views, and sometimes described them as contradictory. Part of the reason might have been the exclusion of other significant variables like labor and capital, which were viewed play a very important role in the nexus of trade and growth. Other elements such as innovation, competition, technology, grants, and equal opportunity were also highlighted, all of which empirically validated themselves to serve as catalysts for a successful economy. Imports had negative impacts while exports had a boom with positive impacts, especially in terms of Africa. The study was, therefore, in conclusion with that of the Malawi government should have focused on developing and internalizing new structural economic policies purposed for boosting exports to trigger additional economic growth. Investment was also proven to be having a positive and statistically significant effect on output growth in both the short and long run, which further emphasizes the importance of a favorable investment climate. The study found a significant linkage between the economy, trade openness, capital formation, and development, suggesting that trade openness provided a vast opportunity for the economy in the light of increased capital accumulation. The study further recommended that Malawi should intensify efforts towards product diversification and processing as the negative impacts of volatile terms-of-trade would be tackled with lesser dependency on just several primary products for export earnings. The study called for policies that would encourage an increase in domestic investment because this would have an important contribution towards economic growth in both the short and long term. This research envisaged introducing sound policies that would effectively attract FDI into Malawi, as this would promote growth over time through technology transfer, innovation, and increased productivity.Item Impact of Taxation Policies on the Growth of Small and Medium Businesses in Blantyre, Malawi(International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 2025) Nagarajan, Sankara NayagamThis study examines the impact of taxation policies on the growth of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Blantyre, Malawi. The primary objectives are to assess how tax policies influence SME performance, evaluate the effects of high tax rates on profitability and sustainability, and analyze the role of tax reforms in promoting or hindering SME growth. A descriptive research design was employed, utilizing qualitative and quantitative methods. Data were collected from 100 SMEs through structured questionnaires, interviews, and observations, focusing on business registration, years in operation, number of employees, perceptions of tax policies, VAT compliance, and tax filing processes. Grounded in the ability-to-pay theory and optimal taxation theory, the data were analyzed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel through correlation and regression techniques to examine the relationships between taxation and SME growth. The findings indicate that while taxation is essential for government revenue, high tax rates, complex filing procedures, and limited awareness of tax policies create significant challenges for SMEs. Many SMEs struggle with compliance due to financial and technical limitations, resulting in reduced profitability and hindered expansion. Furthermore, VAT policies are often perceived as unfavorable, adding to their financial burdens. The study concludes that tailored tax reforms—such as simplified tax regimes, lower tax rates, and improved taxpayer education—can enhance SME growth and sustainability. It recommends that policymakers balance revenue collection with SME development by introducing tax incentives and reducing bureaucratic hurdles.