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Pesticide Infestation in Soil: Current Trends and Environmentally Benign Mitigation Approach
(EM International, 2024) Chelliah, Ramalakshmi
Chemical pesticides are often employed in agricultural fields in modern agriculture to boost crop output. These pesticides influence the activity and abundance of beneficial soil microbial communities, in addition to controlling insect pests. Chemical pesticides disrupt soil microbial activities, which may alter the soil’s ability to raise a crop. This has led to detrimental effects on soil ecosystem. With unprecedented use of pesticides, challenges related to bio-accumulation and bio-magnification has increased manifolds, which has necessitated pesticide removal by bio-degradation pathways. Pesticide degradation is influenced by a number of variables, including soil moisture, temperature, pH, pesticide composition and concentration. Insect pests and weeds in crops are effectively controlled with pesticides. This review examines pesticide associated risks, the mechanism of microbial degradation of pesticides, the factors that affect the degradation of pesticides and the new pesticides due to the substantial threat that pesticide residues pose to the environment and human health.