Browsing by Author "Chelliah, Ramalakshmi"

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    Exploring Pestcide application Practices for Managing Prominant Agriculture Pests in India and around Tenkasi
    (INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, 2024) Chelliah, Ramalakshmi
    This study, conducted between November and March in the Tenkasi district, examined pesticide usage in relation to crop cultivation in Shencottai,Sundarapandiyapuram, Sambavarvadakarai, Panboli, Kadayam, and Surandi.Sunflower, coconut, raw banana, paddy, and potato were the prominently cultivated crops. Pesticides like neem oil,FAME, carbaryl, coragen, malathion, and dimethoate were employed based on specific crops, showcasing diverse pest management strategies. Analysis revealed Dimethoate as the most extensively used pesticide, underscoring its significance in pest management during the study period. The study highlighted the broader ecological impact of pesticides, emphasizing risks to wildlife and plants. Ecotoxicology, focusing on pesticide impacts, was introduced.The study noted the far-reaching effects of pesticides, considering runoff, wind drift, and the persistence of certain pesticides like DDT and chlordane. Plants' absorption of pesticides through roots and leaves indicated their susceptibility. The cumulative impact on individual plants and animals underscored the need to address potential ecological consequences. In the study urged a careful evaluation of pesticide usage, considering environmental impacts. Adhering to label instructions and exploring alternatives with lower toxicity was advised. Integrated pest management (IPM) and proactive measures to prevent contamination in crucial locations were recommended. The study proposed organic farming as a sustainable alternative, contributing to a healthy environment and human well- being.
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    Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles from Terminalia Arjuna L.) Bark Extract Characterization and Potential for Mercury Degradation
    (Chemical Society of Ethiopia and The Authors, 2024) Chelliah, Ramalakshmi
    The focus of this study is on synthesizing copper nanoparticles through a green approach, utilizing Terminalia arjuna bark extract. The ultra violet (UV) spectral analysis of copper nanoparticles synthesized through environmentally friendly methods revealed distinct absorption peaks at 287 nm, 575 nm, and 898 nm, indicative of significant light absorption. These peaks elucidate the nanoparticles' optical characteristics, shedding light on electronic transitions and surface plasmon resonance phenomena. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis displayed various peaks, suggesting vibrations associated with copper nanoparticles and functional groups in T. arjuna bark extract. The X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) data exhibited characteristic peaks corresponding to metallic copper's crystallographic planes, confirming the formation of highly crystalline copper nanoparticles. Atomic force microscopy results depicted surface morphology and particle size distribution. Copper nanoparticles show promise in mercury degradation due to their high surface area and catalytic activity. They interact effectively with mercury ions through adsorption, reduction, and oxidation processes, leading to sequestration or transformation into less toxic forms. Functionalization enhances their affinity towards mercury, while synergies with other nanomaterials boost efficiency. Green synthesized copper nanoparticles offer an eco-friendly solution for effective mercury remediation, promising advancements in sustainable nanotechnological approaches for global environmental sustainability.
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    Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Emblica officinalis and Their Role in Mercury (II) Chloride Detoxification
    (International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 2025) Chelliah, Ramalakshmi
    In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized using an aqueous extract of Emblica officinalis, serving as a green, sustainable reducing and stabilizing agent. UV-Visible spectrophotometric analysis confirmed the formation of AgNPs, with a distinct surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 382.04 nm, indicative of well-dispersed, spherical nanoparticles with minimal aggregation. The biosynthesized AgNPs were subsequently utilized to evaluate their potential in degrading mercury(II) chloride (HgCl2). Time-dependent UV-Vis analysis revealed a gradual and significant decline in the characteristic absorbance peaks of HgCl2, particularly at 302 nm, over a 48-hour period. This indicates effective degradation and possible reduction of mercury ions, facilitated by the catalytic and adsorptive properties of the nanoparticles. The findings demonstrate the dual functionality of E. officinalis-mediated AgNPs as both nanocatalysts and sorbents, offering a promising, eco-friendly approach for heavy metal remediation in aquatic environments.
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    Harmonizing Growth: Unleashing the Potential of Fish Waste as a Natural Liquid Elixir for Soil Health and Bountiful Tomato Harvests in Open Fields
    (Transdisciplinary Insights in Life Sciences, 2024) Chelliah, Ramalakshmi
    In this study, the impact of foliar spray treatments with fish amino acid (FAA) and urea on the growth parameters of Solanum lycopersicum was investigated. The results revealed significant influences on plant height, number of leaves per plant, and Leaf Area Index (LAI). Notably, the foliar application of 2% urea stimulated cell division and metabolic activity, resulting in taller plants and increased leaf count. Conversely, 1% FAA exhibited a notable increase in plant height, leaf count, and chlorophyll content, showcasing the potential of FAA to enhance metabolic activity and cell division. However, higher concentrations of FAA negatively impacted growth parameters. The study further explored the field growth differences, highlighting the substantial increase in fresh and dry weights under the foliar spray of 2% urea. Additionally, the yield of green leafy vegetables, particularly amaranthus, was significantly influenced by urea and FAA, with 2% urea contributing to a remarkable increase in yield. The research underscores the potential benefits of FAA and urea in enhancing soil fertility, nutrient content, and overall crop yield, providing insights into sustainable agricultural practices. Finally, the study introduces the benefits of fish protein fertilizer, emphasizing its role in soil enrichment, microbial biomass maintenance, root and leaf growth stimulation, and overall plant health. The environmentally friendly nature of fish protein fertilizer and its positive impact on Solanum lycopersicum make it a promising alternative for sustainable and robust agricultural practices.
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    Pesticide Infestation in Soil: Current Trends and Environmentally Benign Mitigation Approach
    (EM International, 2024) Chelliah, Ramalakshmi
    Chemical pesticides are often employed in agricultural fields in modern agriculture to boost crop output. These pesticides influence the activity and abundance of beneficial soil microbial communities, in addition to controlling insect pests. Chemical pesticides disrupt soil microbial activities, which may alter the soil’s ability to raise a crop. This has led to detrimental effects on soil ecosystem. With unprecedented use of pesticides, challenges related to bio-accumulation and bio-magnification has increased manifolds, which has necessitated pesticide removal by bio-degradation pathways. Pesticide degradation is influenced by a number of variables, including soil moisture, temperature, pH, pesticide composition and concentration. Insect pests and weeds in crops are effectively controlled with pesticides. This review examines pesticide associated risks, the mechanism of microbial degradation of pesticides, the factors that affect the degradation of pesticides and the new pesticides due to the substantial threat that pesticide residues pose to the environment and human health.